Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in HCl, HNO₃, H₂SO₄, and HF aqueous matrices. Stable with all metals and inorganic anions.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable for months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 1-5% HNO₃ / LDPE container.

Li Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (dissolves very rapidly in water); Ores (sodium carbonate fusion in Pt⁰ followed by HCl dissolution - blank levels of Li in sodium carbonate critical); Organic Matrices (sulfuric / peroxide digestion or nitric / sulfuric / perchloric acid decomposition).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in HCl, HNO₃, H₂SO₄ and HF aqueous matrices. Stable with all metals and inorganic anions.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable for months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 5-10% HNO₃ / LDPE container.

Be Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (is best dissolved in diluted H₂SO₄); BeO (boiling nitric, hydrochloric, or sulfuric acids or KHSO₄ fusion); Ores (H₂SO₄/HF digestion or carbonate fusion in Pt⁰); Organic Matrices (sulfuric / peroxide digestion or nitric / sulfuric / perchloric acid decomposition, or dry ash and dissolution according to the BeO procedure above).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Moderately soluble in HCl, HNO₃, H₂SO₄ and HF aqueous matrices and very soluble in NH₄OH. Stable with all metals and inorganic anions at low to moderate ppm levels.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable for months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-1,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1000-10,000 ppm stable for years in dilute NH₄OH / LDPE container.

B Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (crystalline form is scarcely attacked by acids or alkaline solutions; amorphous form is soluble in conc. HNO₃ or H₂SO₄); B(OH)₃ (water soluble); Ores (avoid acid digestions and use caustic fusions in Pt⁰); Organic Matrices (dry ash mixed with Na₂CO₃ in Pt⁰at 450°C then increase heat to 1000°C to fuse; or perform a Na₂O₂ fusion in a Ni⁰ crucible / Parr bomb).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Moderately soluble in HCl, HNO₃, H₂SO₄, and HF aqueous matrices and very soluble in NH₄OH. Stable with all metals and inorganic anions at low to moderate ppm levels. Do not dilute or store Carbon standards using plastic containers or similar devices.

Stability: 2-100 ppb level stability unknown. 1000-10,000 ppm level stable for years in dilute acidic media in a glass container.

C Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): elemental amorphic or graphitic carbon (Oxidative closed vessel fusion such as a Na₂O₂ fusion in a sealed Ni⁰ crucible / Parr bomb); H₂CO₃ (water soluble); Organic Compounds (water solubility is best if possible, or perform a Na₂O₂ fusion in a sealed Ni⁰crucible / Parr bomb).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in HCl, HNO₃, H₂SO₄ and HF aqueous matrices. Stable with all metals and inorganic anions.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable for months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 1-5% HNO₃ / LDPE container.

Na Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (dissolves very rapidly in water); Ores (lithium carbonate fusion in graphite crucible followed by HCl dissolution - blank levels of Na in lithium carbonate critical); Organic Matrices (sulfuric / peroxide digestion or nitric / sulfuric / perchloric acid decomposition).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in HCl, HNO₃ and H₂SO₄. Avoid HF, H₃PO₄, and neutral to basic media. Stable with most metals and inorganic anions forming insoluble silicates, carbonates, hydroxides, oxides, and tungstates in neutral and slightly acidic media.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable for months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 1-10% HNO₃ / LDPE container.

Mg Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (best dissolved in diluted HNO₃); Oxide (readily soluble in above compatible aqueous acidic solutions); Ores (carbonate fusion in Pt⁰ followed by HCl dissolution); Organic Matrices (sulfuric / peroxide digestion or nitric / sulfuric / perchloric acid decomposition, or dry ash and dissolution in dilute HCl. Do not heat when dissolving to avoid precipitation of SiO₂).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in HCl, HNO₃, HF and H₂SO₄. Avoid neutral media. Soluble in strongly basic NaOH forming the Al(OH)₄(H₂O)₂^1- species. Stable with most metals and inorganic anions. The phosphate is insoluble in water and only slightly soluble in acid.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable for months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 2-5% HNO₃ / LDPE container.

Al Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (is best dissolved in HCl/ HNO₃); α - Al₂O₃(Na₂CO₃ fusion in Pt⁰); γ - Al₂O₃ (soluble in acids such as HCl); Ores (carbonate fusion in Pt⁰ followed by HCl dissolution); Organic Matrices (sulfuric / peroxide digestion or nitric / sulfuric / perchloric acid decomposition, or dry ash and dissolution in dilute HCl.

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in HCl, HF, H₃PO₄, H₂SO₄, and HNO₃ as the Si(OH)_x(F)_y^2-. Avoid neutral to basic media. Unstable at ppm levels with metals that would pull F^- away (i.e. - do not mix with Alkaline or Rare Earths, or high levels of transition elements unless they are fluorinated). Stable with most inorganic anions with a tendency to hydrolyze forming silicic acid (silicic acid is soluble up to ~ 100 ppm in water) in all dilute acids except HF.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels - stability unknown - (alone or mixed with all other metals) as the Si(OH)_x(F)_y^2-. 1-10,000 ppm single element solutions as the Si(OH)_x(F)_y^2- chemically stable for years in 2-5% HNO₃ / trace HF in a LDPE container.

Si Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (soluble in 1:1:1 H₂O / HF / HNO₃); Oxide - SiO₂, amorphic (dissolve by heating in 1:1:1 H₂O / HF / HNO₃); Oxide-quartz (fuse in Pt⁰ with Na₂CO₃); Geological Samples (fuse in Pt⁰ with Na₂CO₃ followed by HCl solution of the fuseate); Organic Matrices containing silicates and non volatile silicon compounds (dry ash at 450°C in Pt⁰ and dissolve by gently warming with 1:1:1 H₂O / HF / H₂SO₄ or fuse / ash with Na₂CO₃ and dissolve fuseate with HCl / H₂O); Silicone Oils - dimethyl silicones depolymerize to form volatile monomer units when heated (measure directly in alcoholic KOH / xylene mixture where sample is treated first with the KOH at 60 - 100°C to "unzip" the Si-O-Si polymeric structure or digest with conc. H₂SO₄ / H₂O₂ followed by cooling and dissolution of the dehydrated silica with HF). Note that the direct analysis of silicone oils in an organic solvent will result in false high results due to high vapor pressure of volatile monomer units such as hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane. The KOH forms the K₂⁺Si(CH₃)₂O=NaCl, which is not volatile at room temperature.

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in HCl, HNO₃, H₂SO₄, HF, water, and NH₄OH. Stable with all metals and inorganic anions at low to moderate ppm levels under acidic conditions; precipitates with several metals occur in neutral media at higher concentrations.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels - stability unknown - in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 0-1% HNO₃ / LDPE container.

P Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (never found free in nature); Oxides (water soluble); Ores (naturally occurring only as the phosphate, except for a few rare minerals found in meteorites - Na₂CO₃ fusion in Pt⁰); Organic Matrices (dry ash mixed with Na₂CO₃ in Pt⁰ at 450°C then increase heat to 1000°C to fuse; or, perform a H₂SO₄ / H₂O₂ acid digestion).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in HCl, HNO₃, H₃PO₄, and HF aqueous matrices, water, and NH₄OH. Stable with all metals and inorganic anions at low to moderate ppm levels under acidic conditions, except Ba, Pb, Ca, and to a lesser extent Sr.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels - stability unknown - in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in LDPE container.

S Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): We most often get questions about the determination of S in rocks, silicates and insoluble sulfates (the finely powered sample is fused in a Pt⁰ crucible with 6 times its weight of Na₂CO₃ + 0.5 grams KNO₃. The fuseate is extracted with water. Any BaSO₄ present in the sample is transposed by the carbonate fusion to the BaCO₃, which is left behind in the water-insoluble residue. If PbSO₄ is present, the fuseate should be boiled with a sodium carbonate saturated with CO₂ solution for 1 hour or more. The PbSO₄ will be transposed to the water insoluble carbonate which can be filtered off. Boiling the fuseate with a saturated carbonate solution is good insurance for samples containing Ba, Pb, Sr, and Ca. The Ba, Pb, Sr, and Ca free filtrate can be acidified and measured by ICP).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in HCl, HNO₃, H₂SO₄, and HF aqueous matrices. Avoid use of HClO₄due to insolubility of the perchlorate. Stable with all metals and inorganic anions except ClO₄^-.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable for months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 1-5% HNO₃ / LDPE container.

K Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (dissolves very rapidly in water); Ores (sodium carbonate fusion in Pt⁰ followed by HCl dissolution - blank levels of K in sodium carbonate critical); Organic Matrices (sulfuric / peroxide digestion).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in HCl and HNO₃. Avoid H₂SO₄ HF, H₃PO₄ and neutral to basic media. Stable with most metals and inorganic anions forming insoluble silicate, carbonate, hydroxide, oxide, fluoride, sulfate, oxalate, chromate, arsenate, and tungstate in neutral aqueous media.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable for months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 1-10% HNO₃ / LDPE container.

Ca Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (best dissolved in diluted HNO₃); Ores (carbonate fusion in Pt⁰ followed by HCl dissolution); Organic Matrices (dry ash and dissolution in dilute HCl. Do not heat when dissolving to avoid precipitation of SiO₂). The oxide, hydroxide, carbonate, phosphate, and fluoride of calcium are soluble in % levels of HCl or HNO₃. The sulfates (gypsum, anhydrite, etc.), certain silicates, and complex compounds require fusion with Na₂CO₃ followed by HCl / water dissolution. Note that contamination is a very real problem when analyzing for trace levels.

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in HCl, H₂SO₄, and HNO₃. Avoid HF, H₃PO₄, and neutral to basic media. Stable with most metals and inorganic anions forming an insoluble carbonate, oxide, oxalate, and fluoride. Avoid mixing with elements / solutions containing moderate amounts of fluoride. The fluoride is soluble in excess HF, forming ScF₆^3- (not recommended for standard preparations).

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable for months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 5-10% HNO₃ / LDPE container. Small atomic radius increases hydrolysis requiring higher acid levels than other Rare Earths.

Sc Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (soluble in acids); Oxide (dissolved by heating in H₂O / HNO₃); Ores (carbonate fusion in Pt⁰ followed by HCl dissolution); Organic Matrices (dry ash and dissolve in 1:1 H₂O / HCl or HNO₃ - aqua regia or nitric / perchloric / sulfuric acid digestions can be used - exercise caution when using perchloric acid).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in concentrated HCl, HF, H₃PO₄, H₂SO₄, and HNO₃. Avoid neutral to basic media. Unstable at ppm levels with metals that would pull F^- away (i.e. - do not mix with Alkaline or Rare Earths or high levels of transition elements unless they are fluorinated). Stable with most inorganic anions with a tendency to hydrolyze forming the hydrated oxide in all dilute acids except HF.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable (alone or mixed with all other metals) as the Ti(F)₆^-2 for months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm single element solutions as the Ti(F)₆^-2 chemically stable for years in 2-5% HNO₃ / trace HF in an LDPE container.

Ti Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (soluble in H₂O / HF CAUTION - powder reacts violently); Oxide - low temperature history anatase or rutile (dissolved by heating in 1:1:1 H₂O / HF / H₂SO₄); Oxide - high temperature history {~ 800°C} brookite (fuse in Pt⁰ with K₂S₂O₇); Ores (fuse in Pt⁰with KF + K₂S₂O₇ - no KF if silica not present); Organic Matrices (dry ash at 450°C in Pt⁰ and dissolve by heating with 1:1:1 H₂O / HF / H₂SO₄ or fuse ash with pyrosulfate if oxide is as plastic pigment and likely in brookite crystalline form).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in HCl, HNO₃, H₂SO₄, HF, H₃PO₄, and strong basic media. Stable with most metals and inorganic anions in acidic media.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable for months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 1-5% HNO₃ / LDPE container.

V Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (fusion with NaOH or KOH in Ni⁰ or Na₂CO₃ / KNO₃); Oxides (V₂O₃ - use HCl; V₂O₄ - use HCl or HNO₃; V₂O₅ - use conc. acids); Ores (Na₂CO₃ / KNO₃ in Pt⁰ (caution - nitrates attack Pt^o) followed by water extraction of fuseate); Organic Matrices (ash at 450°C followed by dissolving according to V₂O₅ above).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Stable in HCl, HNO₃, H₂SO₄, HF, H₃PO₄. Avoid basic media. Stable with most metals and inorganic anions in acidic media.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable for months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 1-5% HNO₃ / LDPE container.

Cr Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (soluble in HCl); Oxides / Ores (chrome ore/oxides are very difficult to dissolve. The following procedures A - D are commonly used:

A. Fusion with KHSO₄ and extraction with hot KCl. The residue fused with Na₂CO₃ and KClO₃, 3:1
B. Fusion with NaKSO₄ and NaF, 2:1
C. Fusion with magnesia or lime and sodium or potassium carbonates, 4:1
D. Fusion with Na₂O₂ or NaOH and KNO₃ or NaOH and Na₂O₂.

Nickel, iron, copper, or silver crucibles should be used for D. Platinum may be used for A, B, and C; Organic Matrices (ash at 450°C followed by one of the fusion methods above or sulfuric / hydrogen peroxide acid digestions may be applicable to non oxide containing samples).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Stable in HCl, HNO₃, H₂SO₄, HF, and H₃PO₄. Avoid basic media. Stable with most metals and inorganic anions in acidic media.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable for months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 1-5 % HNO₃ / LDPE container.

Mn Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (soluble in dilute acids); Oxides (soluble in dilute acids); Ores (dissolve with HCl. If silica is present, add HF and then fume off silica by adding H₂SO₄ and heat to SO₃ fumes - dense white fumes).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Stable in HCl, HNO₃, H₂SO₄, HF, H₃PO₄. Avoid basic media. Stable with most metals and inorganic anions in acidic media.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable for months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 1-5% HNO₃ / LDPE container.

Fe Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (soluble in HCl); Oxides (if the oxide has been at a high temperature then Na₂CO₃ fusion in Pt⁰ followed by HCl dissolution, otherwise dissolve in dilute HCl); Ores (see Oxides above using only the fusion approach).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Stable in HCl, HNO₃, H₂SO₄, HF, and H₃PO₄. Avoid basic media. Stable with most metals and inorganic anions in acidic media.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels. 2-100 ppb levels stable for months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 1-5% HNO₃ / LDPE container.

Ni Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (soluble in HNO₃); Oxides (soluble in HCl); Ores (dissolve in HCl / HNO₃).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Stable in HCl, HNO₃, H₂SO₄, HF, H₃PO₄. Avoid basic media. Stable with most metals and inorganic anions in acidic media.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable for months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 1-5% HNO₃ / LDPE container.

Cu Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (soluble in HNO₃); Oxides (soluble in HCl); Ores (dissolve in HCl / HNO₃).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Stable in HCl, HNO₃, H₂SO₄, HF and H₃PO₄. Avoid basic media that promotes formation of insoluble carbonate and hydroxide. Stable with most metals and inorganic anions in acidic media.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable for months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 1-5% HNO₃ / LDPE container.

Zn Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (soluble in HNO₃); Oxides (soluble in HCl); Ores (dissolve in HCl / HNO₃); Organic based (dry ash at 450°C and dissolve ash in HCl), (sulfuric / peroxide acid digestion).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Stable in HCl, HF, H₃PO₄, H₂SO₄, and HNO₃ as the Ge(OH)_x(F)_y^2-. Avoid neutral to basic media. Unstable at ppm levels with metals that would pull F^- away (i.e. - Do not mix with Alkaline or Rare Earths or high levels of transition elements unless they are fluorinated). Stable with most inorganic anions with a tendency to hydrolyze.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels - stability unknown alone or mixed with all other metals as the Ge(OH)_x(F)_y^2-. 1-10,000 ppm single element solutions as the Ge(OH)_x(F)_y^2- chemically stable for years in 2-5% HNO₃ / trace HF in a LDPE container.

Ge Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (soluble in 1:1:1 H₂O / HF / HNO₃); Oxide - GeO (readily soluble in HCl or NaOH), GeO₂ (fuse in Pt⁰with Na₂CO₃ followed by HCl solution of the fuseate); Geological Samples( fuse in Pt⁰ with Na₂CO₃ followed by HCl solution of the fuseate); Organic Matrices (dry ash at 450°C in Pt⁰ and dissolve by gently warming with 1:1:1 H₂O / HF / H₂SO₄ or fuse ash with Na₂CO₃ and dissolve fuseate with HCl / H₂O).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Arsenic has no cationic chemistry. It is soluble in HCl, HNO₃,H₃PO₄, H₂SO₄ and HF aqueous matrices water and NH₄OH. It is stable with most inorganic anions (forms arsenate when boiled with chromate) but many cationic metals form the insoluble arsenates under pH neutral conditions. When fluorinated and/or under acidic conditions arsenate formation is typically not a problem at moderate to low concentrations.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels - stable for months alone or mixed with other elements at equivalent levels - in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 1-5% HNO₃ / LDPE container.

As Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (soluble in 1:1 H₂O / HNO₃); Oxides (the oxide exists in crystalline and amorphous forms where the amorphoric form is more water soluble. The oxides typically dissolve in dilute acidic solutions when boiled); Minerals (one gram of powered sample is fused in a Ni⁰ crucible with 10 grams of a 1:1 mix of K₂CO₃ and KNO₃ and the melt extracted with hot water); Organic Matrices (0.2 to 0.5 grams of the sample are fused with 15 grams of a 1:1 Na₂CO₃ / Na₂O₂ mix in a Ni⁰ crucible. The fuseate is extracted with water and acidified with HNO₃).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in HCl, HNO₃, H₃PO₄, H₂SO₄ and HF aqueous matrices and water. It is stable with most inorganic anions but many cationic metals form the insoluble selenites under pH neutral conditions. When fluorinated and/or under acidic conditions precipitation is typically not a problem at moderate to low concentrations.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable for months alone or mixed with other elements at equivalent levels in 1 % HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 1-5% HNO₃ / LDPE container.

Se Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (soluble in HNO₃); Oxides (readily soluble in water); Minerals and alloys (acid digestion with HNO₃or HNO₃ / HF); Organic Matrices (acid digestion with hot concentrated H₂SO₄ accompanied by the careful dropwise addition of H₂O₂ until clear).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in HCl, HNO₃, H₂SO₄, and HF aqueous matrices. Stable with most metals and inorganic anions. Forms insoluble Rb₂[PtCl₆] (0.028g/100mL ²⁰aq).

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable for months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 0.1-1% HNO₃ / LDPE container.

Rb Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (dissolves very rapidly in water); Ores (sodium carbonate fusion in Pt⁰ followed by HCl dissolution - blank levels of Rb in sodium carbonate critical); Organic Matrices (sulfuric / peroxide digestion or nitric / sulfuric / perchloric acid decomposition).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in HCl and HNO₃. Avoid H₂SO₄, HF and neutral to basic media. Stable with most metals and inorganic anions forming insoluble silicate, carbonate, hydroxide, oxide, fluoride, sulfate, oxalate, chromate, arsenate, and tungestate in neutral aqueous media.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable for months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 1-3.5% HNO₃ / LDPE container.

Sr Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (is best dissolved in diluted HNO3);Ores (Carbonate fusion in Pt⁰ followed by HCl dissolution); Organic Matrices (dry ash and dissolution in dilute HCl. Do not heat when dissolving to avoid precipitation of SiO₂).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in HCl, H₂SO₄, and HNO₃. Avoid HF, H₃PO₄, and neutral to basic media. Stable with most metals and inorganic anions forming an insoluble carbonate, oxide, oxalate, and fluoride. Avoid mixing with elements / solutions containing moderate amounts of fluoride.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable for months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 2-5% HNO₃ / LDPE container.

Y Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (soluble in acids); Oxide (dissolved by heating in H₂O / HNO₃); Ores (carbonate fusion in Pt⁰ followed by HCl dissolution); Organic Matrices (dry ash and dissolve in 1:1 H₂O / HCl or HNO₃).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in concentrated HCl, HF, H₂SO₄ (very hot) and HNO₃. Avoid H₃PO₄ and neutral to basic media. Unstable at ppm levels with metals that would pull F^- away (i.e. - do not mix with Alkaline or Rare Earths or high levels of transition elements unless they are fluorinated). Stable with most inorganic anions but precipitation with phosphate, oxalate, and tartrate with a tendency to hydrolyze forming the hydrated oxide in all dilute acids except HF.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable (alone or mixed with all other metals that are at comparable levels) as the Zr(F)₆^-2 + Zr(OH)₄F₂^-2 for months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm single element solutions as the Zr(F)₆^-2 chemically stable for years in 2-5% HNO₃ / trace HF in an LDPE container.

Zr Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (soluble in H₂O / HF / HNO₃); Oxide unlike TiO₂, the ZrO₂ is best fused in one of the following ways (Na₂O₂ in Ni⁰, Na₂CO₃ in Pt⁰ or Borax in Pt⁰); Organic Matrices (dry ash at 450°C in Pt⁰ and dissolve by fusing with Na₂CO₃ and dissolving in HF / HNO₃ / H₂O).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in concentrated HCl and dilute HF / HNO₃. Avoid neutral to basic media. Unstable at ppm levels with metals that would pull F^- away (i.e. - Do not mix with Alkaline or Rare Earths or high levels of transition elements unless they are fluorinated). Stable with most inorganic anions provided it is in the chemical form shown above.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable (alone or mixed with all other metals that are at comparable levels) as the NbOF₅^-2 for 5 months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm single element solutions as the NbOF₅^-2 chemically stable for years in 2-5% HNO₃ / trace HF in an LDPE container.

Nb Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (soluble in HF / HNO₃); Oxide - very resistant to all acids including HF (fusion with K₂S₂O₇, KOH, or Na₂CO₃); Organic Matrices (dry ash at 450°C in Pt⁰and dissolve by fusing with Na₂CO₃ or K₂S₂O₇).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Mo is received in a NH₄OH matrix, giving the operator the option of using HCl or HF to stabilize acidic solutions. The MoO₄^-2 is soluble in concentrated HCl, MoOCl₅^-2, dilute HF / HNO₃, MoOF₅^-2, and basic media MoO₄^-2. Stable at ppm levels with some metals, provided it is fluorinated. Do not mix with Alkaline or Rare Earths when HF is present. Stable with most inorganic anions, provided it is in the MoO₄^-2 chemical form.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable (alone or mixed with all other metals that are at comparable levels) as the MoOF₅^-2 for months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm single element solutions as the MoO₄^-2 chemically stable for years in 1% NH₄OH in a LDPE container.

Mo Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (soluble in HF / HNO₃ or hot dilute HCl); Oxide (soluble in HF or NH₄OH); Organic Matrices (dry ash at 450°C in Pt⁰ and dissolve oxide with HF or HCl).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Stable in HCl. Stable with most metals and inorganic anions as the [RuCl₆]^2- in dilute acidic media.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable for months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 10% HCl / LDPE container.

Ru Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (fuse with KOH/KNO₃ in a Ag⁰ crucible); Oxides (fuse with KOH / KNO₃ in a Ag⁰ crucible); Ores (see Oxides); Alloys (see Oxides). Organics (the RuO₄ is volatile and acidic oxidizing preparations should be used with caution. The preferred approach is the KOH / KNO₃ fusion and dissolution of the fuseate in HCl).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in HCl, HNO₃, H₂SO₄ and HF aqueous matrices. May cause AgClprecipitation when mixed with Ag⁺. Stable with all other metals.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable for months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 10% HCl/LDPE container.

Rh Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (elevated temp. with aqua regia or HCl / Cl₂(gas) ); Ores (HF / H₂SO₄ digestion followed by aqua regia digestion); Platinum scrap (aqua regia digestion).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Stable in HCl, HNO₃, H₂SO₄, HF, and H₃PO₄. Avoid basic media. Stable with most metals and inorganic anions in acidic media. Avoid contact with water soluble organics such as aldehydes since Pd²⁺ is easily reduced.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels. 2 ppb Pd is stable for 1 day in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 10 ppb is stable for 3 days in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 100 ppb is stable for ≥ 5 months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 1-5% HNO₃ / LDPE container.

Pd Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (soluble in HNO₃ or aqua regia); Oxides (soluble in HCl); Ores (dissolve in HCl / HNO₃).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Stable in HNO₃ and HF. Avoid basic media. Ag forms more insoluble salts than any other metal. It also is subject to photochemical reduction to the metal in HCl media although 10 µg/mL solutions in 10% HCl [AgCl_x^1-x] are commonly used in the analytical laboratory. The most common solubility problems exist with arsenate, arsenite, bromide, chloride, iodide, carbonate, chromate, cyanide, iodate, oxalate, oxide, sulfate, sulfide, tartrate, and thiocyanate in aqueous media. The addition of nitric acid renders many of these salts soluble.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable for 75+ days when mixed with equivalent levels of all other elements including the precious metals (where chloride is present) when in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 1-5% HNO₃ / LDPE container.

Ag Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (soluble in HNO₃); Oxides (soluble in HNO₃); Ores (digestion with conc. HNO₃).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Stable in HCl, HNO₃, H₂SO₄, and HF. Avoid basic media forming insoluble carbonate and hydroxide. Stable with most metals and inorganic anions in acidic media. The sulfide, carbonate, oxalate, phosphate, and cyanide are insoluble in water and soluble in HCl, HNO₃, and NH₄OH. The chloride, bromide, and iodide are soluble in water. CdI₂ is one of the few iodides soluble in ethanol. All compounds of Cd are soluble in excess NaI, due to the formation of the complex ion, CdI₄^2-.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable for months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 1-5 % HNO₃ / LDPE container.

Cd Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (soluble in HNO₃); Oxides (soluble in HCl or HNO₃); Ores (dissolve in HCl /HNO₃ then take to fumes with H₂SO₄. The silica and lead sulfate are filtered off after the addition of water); Organic based (dry ash at 450°C and dissolve ash in HCl), (sulfuric / peroxide acid digestion).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in HCl, HNO₃, and H₂SO₄. Avoid neutral and basic media. Stable with most metals and inorganic anions. The oxalate, sulfide, carbonate, hydroxide, and phosphate are insoluble in water.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable for months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 2-5% HNO₃ / LDPE container.

In Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (is best dissolved in HCl / HNO₃); Oxide (soluble in mineral acids); Ores (carbonate fusion in Pt⁰ followed by HCl dissolution); Organic Matrices (sulfuric / peroxide digestion or dry ash and dissolution in dilute HCl).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in HCl and dilute HF / HNO₃. Avoid neutral to basic media. Unstable at ppm levels with metals that would pull F^- away (i.e. - do not mix with Alkaline or Rare Earths or high levels of transition elements unless they are fluorinated). Stable with most inorganic anions, provided it is in the chemical form shown above.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable (alone or mixed with all other metals that are at comparable levels) as the Sn(OH)_xF_y^2- for 1 year in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm single element solutions as the Sn(OH)_xF_y^2- are chemically stable for years in 2-5% HNO₃ / trace HF in a LDPE container.

Sn Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (soluble in HF / HNO₃ or HCl); Oxides - SnO (soluble in HCl), SnO₂ - very resistant to all acids including HF (fusion with equal parts of Na₂CO₃ and S is soluble in water or dilute acids as the thiostannate); Alloys (treat first 0.1 g with 10 mL conc. H₂SO₄ to boiling until the alloy disintegrates and nearly all of the sulfuric acid is expelled. Then add 100 mL O₂ free water and 50 mL of conc. HCl or transfer to a plastic container and add 1 mL HF, in either case, warming gently to bring about solution); Organic Matrices (volatility and precipitation of the insoluble stannic oxide are problems -- because these preparations are prone to error, we recommend you contact our technical staff at sales@esslab.com or 01702 555577 and we'll provide you with the necessary data for your specific sample type).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Stable in conc. HCl, dilute or conc. HF. Stable in dilute HNO₃ as the fluoride or tartrate complex. Avoid basic media. Stable with most metals and inorganic anions in acidic media as the tartrate provided the acidity is not too high or the acid is oxidizing causing loss of the stabilizing tartrate ion. The fluoride complex of antimony is stable in strong acid but you should only mix with other metals that are fluorinated.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable for months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 1-2% HNO₃ / LDPE container.

Sb Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal and alloys (soluble in H₂O / HF / HNO₃ mixture); Oxides (soluble in HCl and tartaric acid or H₂O / HF / HNO₃ mixtures); Ores (fusion with Na₂CO₃ in Pt⁰followed by dissolving the fuseate in a H₂O / HF / HNO₃ mixture); Organic based (sulfuric acid / hydrogen peroxide digestion).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in HCl and HNO₃. Avoid H₂SO₄, HF, and neutral to basic media. Stable with most metals and inorganic anions forming insoluble silicate, carbonate, hydroxide, oxide, fluoride, sulfate, oxalate, chromate, arsenate, iodate, molybdate, sulfite and tungstate in neutral aqueous media.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable for months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 1-3.5% HNO₃ / LDPE container.

Ba Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (is best dissolved in diluted HNO₃); Ores (carbonate fusion in Pt⁰ followed by HCl dissolution. If sulfate is present dissolve the fuseate using HCl / tartaric acid to prevent BaSO₄ precipitate); Organic Matrices (dry ash and dissolve in dilute HCl. Do not heat when dissolving to avoid precipitation of SiO₂).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in concentrated HCl, HF, H₂SO₄ (very hot), and HNO₃. Avoid H₃PO₄and neutral to basic media. Unstable at ppm levels with metals that would pull F^- away (i.e. - do not mix with Alkaline or Rare Earths or high levels of transition elements unless they are fluorinated). Stable with most inorganic anions but precipitation with phosphate, oxalate, and tartrate with a tendency to hydrolyze forming the hydrated oxide in all dilute acids except HF.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable alone or mixed with all other metals that are at comparable levels as the Hf(F)₆^-2 + Hf(OH)₄F₂^-2 for months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm single element solutions as the Hf(F)₆^-2 chemically stable for years in 2-5% HNO₃ / trace HF in an LDPE container.

Hf Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (soluble in H₂O / HF / HNO₃); Oxide - unlike TiO₂the HfO₂ is best fused in one of the following ways (Na₂O₂ in Ni⁰, Na₂CO₃ in Pt⁰ or Borax in Pt⁰); Organic Matrices (dry ash at 450°C in Pt⁰ and dissolve by fusing with Na₂CO₃ and dissolving in HF / HNO₃ / H₂O).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in concentrated HCl and dilute HF / HNO₃. Avoid neutral to basic media. Unstable at ppm levels with metals that would pull F^- away (i.e. - do not mix with Alkaline or Rare Earths or high levels of transition elements unless they are fluorinated). Stable with most inorganic anions, provided it is in the chemical form shown above.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable (alone or mixed with all other metals that are at comparable levels) as the TaOF₆^-3, for 2 months at the 2-10 ppb level in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container and for 5 months at the 100 ppb level under same conditions. 1-10,000 ppm single element solutions as the TaOF₆^-3 are chemically stable for years in 2-5% HNO₃ / trace HF in an LDPE container.

Ta Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (soluble in HF / HNO₃); Oxide - very resistant to all acids including HF (fusion with K₂S₂O₇, KOH, or Na₂CO₃); Organic Matrices (dry ash at 450°C in Pt⁰and dissolve by fusing with Na₂CO₃ or K₂S₂O₇).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: W is very readily hydrolyzed requiring 0.1 to 1% HF for stable acidic solutions. The [WOF₅]^-2 is soluble in % levels of HCl and HNO₃, provided it is in the [WOF₅]^-2 form. Stable at ppm levels with some metals provided it is fluorinated. Do not mix with Alkaline or Rare Earths. W is best to be mixed only with other fluorinated metals (Ti, Zr, Hf, Nb, Ta, Mo, Si, Sn, Ge). Look for yellow WO₃precipitate if mixed with other transitions at higher levels indicating instability. The yellow WO₃ will form over a period of weeks even in trace HF, therefore HF levels of W multi-element blends should be ~ 1%.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable (alone or mixed with all other metals that are at comparable levels) as the [WOF₅]^-2 for months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm single element solutions as the [WOF₅]^-2 chemically stable for years in 1% HF in a LDPE container.

W Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (soluble in HF / HNO₃); Oxide (soluble in HF or NH₄OH); Organic Matrices (dry ash at 450 ⁰C in Pt⁰ and dissolve oxide with HF).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Stable in HCl, HNO₃, H₂SO₄, HF, and H₃PO₄. Stable with most metals and inorganic anions in acidic media. Mixing higher levels of ReO₄^1- with Ag⁺, Hg₂²⁺, K⁺, NH₄⁺, Cs⁺, Rb⁺, or Tl⁺ will give the corresponding salt (solubilities are 1-12 g/L).

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable for months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 1-5% HNO₃ / LDPE container.

Re Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (soluble in HNO₃); Oxides / Ores (fuse in Pt⁰ with Na₂CO₃). Organic Matrix (all modes of acid attack invite the danger of loss of some volatile perrhenic acid. The use of a reflux condenser should be considered when a wet acid digestion is used such as nitric / perchloric or sulfuric / peroxide digestions. The preferred approach is to ash the sample in Pt⁰ mixed with Na₂CO₃ starting the ash at 450°C and then increasing the temperature, if necessary, to 900°C to effect a fusion of accompanying alumino-silicates, etc.).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Stable in HCl. Stable with most metals and inorganic anions as the [OsCl₆]^2- in dilute HCl media. DO NOT EXPOSE TO NITRIC ACID - FORMATION OF THE VERY VOLATILE AND TOXIC OsO₄ WILL RESULT. Any oxidizing condition must be avoided.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels are NOT stable in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. The stability of HCl solutions at ppb levels has not been determined by our laboratory. 1-10,000 ppm solutions are presumed chemically stable for years in 10% HCl / LDPE container, stability studies have not been performed.

Os Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Oxides (fuse with KOH / KNO₃ in a Ag⁰ crucible and dissolve in water being sure to avoid addition of any acid); Ores (see Oxides); Organics (the OsO₄ is volatile and acidic oxidizing preparations should be used with caution. The preferred approach is the KOH / KNO₃ fusion and dissolution of the fuseate in water. Our laboratory has used APDC to help stabilize Os solutions, but more work is required to validate its effectiveness).

NOTE: The presence of the OsO₄ will give false high results due to its enhanced nebulization efficiency (volatility). Only dilutions in HCl should be made. The use of nitric acid should be strictly avoided. Preparations from caustic nitrate fusions should be diluted in water.

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in HCl, HNO₃, H₂SO₄, and HF aqueous matrices. May cause AgCl precipitation when mixed with Ag⁺. Stable with all other metals.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels. 2-100 ppb levels stable for months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 10% HCl / LDPE container.

Ir Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (elevated temperature with aqua regia or HCl / Cl₂{gas} ); Ores (HF / H₂SO₄ digestion followed by aqua regia digestion); Platinum scrap (aqua regia digestion).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Stable in HCl and HNO₃, as the chloride complex. Avoid basic media. Stable with most metals and inorganic anions in acidic media.

Stability: 2-10 ppb Pt is stable for 2 months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 100 ppb is stable for 5 months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 10 % HCl / LDPE container.

Pt Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (aqua regia); Oxides (soluble in HCl); Ores (dissolve in HCl / HNO₃).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Stable in HCl, and HNO₃, as the chloride complex. Avoid basic media. Stable with most metals and inorganic anions in acidic media.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels. 2-10 ppb Au is stable for ≤ 1 day maximum in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 100 ppb is stable for ≤ 2 days maximum in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 10% HCl / LDPE container.

Au Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (aqua regia); Oxides (soluble in HCl); Ores (dissolve in HCl / HNO₃).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in HCl, HNO₃, and H₂SO₄. Stable with most metals and inorganic anions. The sulfite, thiocyanate, and oxalate are moderately soluble; the phosphate and arsenite are slightly soluble and the sulfide is insoluble.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable for months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 2-5% HNO₃ / LDPE container.

Tl Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (is best dissolved in HNO₃ which forms chiefly the Tl¹⁺ ion); Oxide (the thallous oxide is readily soluble in water. The thallic oxide requires high levels of acid); Ores (carbonate fusion in Pt⁰ followed by HCl dissolution); Organic Matrices (sulfuric / peroxide digestion or dry ash and dissolution in HCl).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in HCl, HF, and HNO₃. Avoid H₂SO₄. Stable with most metals and inorganic anions forming insoluble carbonate, borate, sulfate, sulfite, sulfide, phosphate, oxalate, chromate, tannate, iodate, and cyanide in neutral aqueous media.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable for months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 2-5% HNO₃ / LDPE container.

Pb Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (best dissolved in 1:1 H₂O / HNO₃); Oxides (the many different Pb oxides are soluble in HNO₃, with the exception of PbO₂ which is soluble in HCl or HF); Ores and Alloys (best attacked using 1:1 H₂O / HNO₃); Organic Matrices (dry ash and dissolve in dilute HCl. Do not heat when dissolving to avoid precipitation of SiO₂).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Stable in HCl, HNO₃, H₂SO₄, and HF. Avoid basic media forming insoluble hydroxide. Stable with most metals and inorganic anions in acidic media. Many salts that are insoluble in water are soluble in HCl, HNO₃ and HF. The major problem with Bi³⁺ is its tendency to hydrolyze at higher concentrations or in dilute acid. Nitric acid solutions should be 5% to hold the Bi in solution in the 100 to 10000 µg/mL concentration range.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable for months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 5 - 7% HNO₃ / LDPE container.

Bi Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (soluble in HNO₃); Oxides (soluble in HNO₃); Alloys (dissolve in conc. 4:1 HCl / HNO₃ - heating may be required.); Organic based (dry ash at 450°C and dissolve ash in HNO₃ or acid digestion with conc. hot sulfuric acid adding hydrogen peroxide carefullydropwise until clear).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in HCl and HNO₃. Avoid HF, H₃PO₄, H₂SO₄ and neutral to basic media. Stable with most metals and inorganic anions forming an insoluble carbonate, oxide, oxalate, and fluoride and sparingly soluble sulfates (La - Eu exhibit low sulfate solubility). Avoid mixing with elements / solutions containing moderate amounts of fluoride.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable for months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 2-5 % HNO₃ / LDPE container.

La Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (soluble in acids); Oxide (dissolved by heating in H₂O / HNO₃); Ores (carbonate fusion in Pt⁰ followed by HCl dissolution); Organic Matrices (dry ash and dissolve in 1:1 H₂O / HCl or HNO₃).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in HCl and HNO₃. Avoid HF, H₃PO₄, H₂SO₄ and neutral to basic media. Stable with most metals and inorganic anions forming an insoluble carbonate, oxide, oxalate, and fluoride and sparingly soluble sulfates (La - Eu exhibit low sulfate solubility). Avoid mixing with elements / solutions containing moderate amounts of fluoride.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable for months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 2-5% HNO₃ / LDPE container.

Ce Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (soluble in acids); Oxide (dissolved by heating in H₂O / HNO₃); Ores (carbonate fusion in Pt⁰ followed by HCl dissolution); Organic Matrices (dry ash and dissolve in 1:1 H₂O / HCl or HNO₃).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in HCl and HNO₃. Avoid HF, H₃PO₄, H₂SO₄, and neutral to basic media. Stable with most metals and inorganic anions forming an insoluble carbonate, oxide, oxalate, and fluoride and sparingly soluble sulfates (La - Eu exhibit low sulfate solubility). Avoid mixing with elements / solutions containing moderate amounts of fluoride.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable for months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 2-5% HNO₃ / LDPE container.

Pr Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (soluble in acids); Oxide (dissolved by heating in H₂O / HNO₃); Ores (carbonate fusion in Pt⁰ followed by HCl dissolution); Organic Matrices (dry ash and dissolve in 1:1 H₂O / HCl or HNO₃).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in HCl and HNO₃. Avoid HF, H₃PO₄, H₂SO₄ and neutral to basic media. Stable with most metals and inorganic anions forming an insoluble carbonate, oxide, oxalate, and fluoride and sparingly soluble sulfates (La - Eu exhibit low sulfate solubility). Avoid mixing with elements / solutions containing moderate amounts of fluoride.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable for months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 2-5% HNO₃ / LDPE container.

Nd Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (soluble in acids); Oxide (dissolved by heating in H₂O / HNO₃); Ores (carbonate fusion in Pt⁰ followed by HCl dissolution); Organic Matrices (dry ash and dissolve in 1:1 H₂O / HCl or HNO₃).

Storage & Handling: Keep tightly sealed when not in use. Store and use at 20 ± 4°C. Do not pipet from container. Do not return portions removed for pipetting to container.

Chemical Compatibility: Soluble in HCl, and HNO₃. Avoid HF, H₃PO₄, H₂SO₄, and neutral to basic media. Stable with most metals and inorganic anions forming an insoluble carbonate, oxide, oxalate, and fluoride and sparingly soluble sulfates (La - Eu exhibit low sulfate solubility). Avoid mixing with elements / solutions containing moderate amounts of fluoride.

Stability: 2-100 ppb levels stable for months in 1% HNO₃ / LDPE container. 1-10,000 ppm solutions chemically stable for years in 2-5% HNO₃ / LDPE container.

Sm Containing Samples (Preparation & Solution): Metal (soluble in acids); Oxide (dissolved by heating in H₂O / HNO₃); Ores (carbonate fusion in Pt⁰ followed by HCl dissolution); Organic Matrices (dry ash and dissolve in 1:1 H₂O / HCl or HNO₃).