Torque is the rotational force applied during application or removal of a closure from a bottle. The correct application torque for a bottle cap is very important as it affects the sealing integrity. Over-tightening may cause some parts of the cap to be under more pressure than others, which could result in an improper seal. Alternatively, the container may leak or the closure could easily unscrew if too little torque is used. When the correct torque is applied, it will provide sealing integrity under the specified temperature, humidity, and loading conditions. A validation report for the application torque values is available on request. Reference: BFSV Verpackungsinstitut Packaging Test Report No. 4085A-19